Ao Sun

The art of translation is as much about culture, ideology, and philosophy as it is about language. One of the most influential figures in the history of Chinese translation is Yan Fu (严复, 1854–1921), a scholar, reformist, and translator who introduced modern Western thought to China during a critical period of transformation in the late […]

In an era of global communication, the role of translators is more vital than ever. However, translation is not merely the conversion of words from one language to another—it is the careful transmission of meaning, tone, and cultural context. Nowhere is this more evident than in the translation of Chinese into other languages. Given the

In an increasingly globalized world, machine translation (MT) has emerged as a powerful tool for breaking down language barriers and facilitating cross-cultural communication. With the development of neural machine translation (NMT) systems such as Google Translate, DeepL, and Baidu Translate, access to multilingual content has become faster and more accessible. However, despite rapid advancements, machine